Unlike human retinas packed with color-detecting cones, dogs have far fewer thus see a more muted color palette.
Fewer Cones
Dogs best distinguish brighter shades of blue, violet, yellow due to cone cells most sensitive to these cooler-toned hues
Shades of Blue/Yellow
Dogs excel at seeing in dim conditions thanks to a retina dominated by rods vs. cones tuned for dark movement detection.
Better Night Vision
The canine visual system depends more on brightness contrasts rather than color contrasts when observing surroundings.
Perceive Brightness
A wider field of peripheral and binocular vision aids dogs at spotting and tracking movement compared to people.
Motion Sensitive
Opt for interactive toys in bright colors easily visible plus emitting sounds/scents that better engage dogs' senses.
Choose Dog Toys Wisely
Dogs may struggle to differentiate color names so stick to common cues like toy names during training.
Use Color Commands